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Q331. One of your junior administrator is concerned with Windows LM hashes and password cracking. In your discussion with them, which of the following are true statements that you would point out?
Select the best answers.
A. John the Ripper can be used to crack a variety of passwords, but one limitation is that the output doesn't show if the password is upper or lower case.
B. BY using NTLMV1, you have implemented an effective countermeasure to password cracking.
C. SYSKEY is an effective countermeasure.
D. If a Windows LM password is 7 characters or less, the hash will be passed with the following characters, in HEX- 00112233445566778899.
E. Enforcing Windows complex passwords is an effective countermeasure.
Answer: ACE
Explanations:
John the Ripper can be used to crack a variety of passwords, but one limitation is that the output doesn't show if the password is upper or lower case. John the Ripper is a very effective password cracker. It can crack passwords for many different types of operating systems. However, one limitation is that the output doesn't show if the password is upper or lower case. BY using NTLMV1, you have implemented an effective countermeasure to password cracking. NTLM Version 2 (NTLMV2) is a good countermeasure to LM password cracking (and therefore a correct answer). To do this, set Windows 9x and NT systems to "send NTLMv2 responses only". SYSKEY is an effective countermeasure. It uses 128 bit encryption on the local copy of the Windows SAM. If a Windows LM password is 7 characters or less, the has will be passed with the following characters: 0xAAD3B435B51404EE Enforcing Windows complex passwords is an effective countermeasure to password cracking. Complex passwords are- greater than 6 characters and have any 3 of the following 4 items: upper case, lower case, special characters, and numbers.
Q332. As a securing consultant, what are some of the things you would recommend to a company to ensure DNS security?
Select the best answers.
A. Use the same machines for DNS and other applications
B. Harden DNS servers
C. Use split-horizon operation for DNS servers
D. Restrict Zone transfers
E. Have subnet diversity between DNS servers
Answer: BCDE
Explanations:
A is not a correct answer as it is never recommended to use a DNS server for any other application. Hardening of the DNS servers makes them less vulnerable to attack. It is recommended to split internal and external DNS servers (called split-horizon operation). Zone transfers should only be accepted from authorized DNS servers. By having DNS servers on different subnets, you may prevent both from going down, even if one of your networks goes down.
Q333. You have been using the msadc.pl attack script to execute arbitrary commands on an NT4 web server. While it is effective, you find it tedious to perform extended functions. On further research you come across a perl script that runs the following msadc functions:
What kind of exploit is indicated by this script?
A. A buffer overflow exploit.
B. A SUID exploit.
C. A SQL injection exploit.
D. A chained exploit.
E. A buffer under run exploit.
Answer: D
Q334. When working with Windows systems, what is the RID of the true administrator account?
A. 500
B. 501
C. 512
D. 1001
E. 1024
F. 1000
Answer: A
Explanation: The built-in administrator account always has a RID of 500.
Q335. How can you determine if an LM hash you extracted contains a password that is less than 8 characters long?
A. There is no way to tell because a hash cannot be reversed
B. The right most portion of the hash is always the same
C. The hash always starts with AB923D
D. The left most portion of the hash is always the same
E. A portion of the hash will be all 0's
Answer: B
Explanation: When looking at an extracted LM hash, you will sometimes observe that the right most portion is always the same. This is padding that has been added to a password that is less than 8 characters long.
Q336. Windump is a Windows port of the famous TCPDump packet sniffer available on a variety of platforms. In order to use this tool on the Windows Platform you must install a packet capture library. What is the name of this library?
A. PCAP
B. NTPCAP
C. LibPCAP
D. WinPCAP
Answer: D
Explanation: WinPcap is the industry-standard tool for link-layer network access in Windows environments: it allows applications to capture and transmit network packets bypassing the protocol stack, and has additional useful features, including kernel-level packet filtering, a network statistics engine and support for remote packet capture.
Q337. What type of cookies can be generated while visiting different web sites on the Internet?
A. Permanent and long term cookies.
B. Session and permanent cookies.
C. Session and external cookies.
D. Cookies are all the same, there is no such thing as different type of cookies.
Answer: B
Explanation: There are two types of cookies: a permanent cookie that remains on a visitor's computer for a given time and a session cookie the is temporarily saved in the visitor's computer memory during the time that the visitor is using the Web site. Session cookies disappear when you close your Web browser.
Q338. You are doing IP spoofing while you scan your target. You find that the target has port 23 open.Anyway you are unable to connect. Why?
A. A firewall is blocking port 23
B. You cannot spoof + TCP
C. You need an automated telnet tool
D. The OS does not reply to telnet even if port 23 is open
Answer: A
Explanation: The question is not telling you what state the port is being reported by the scanning utility, if the program used to conduct this is nmap, nmap will show you one of three states – “open”, “closed”, or “filtered” a port can be in an “open” state yet filtered, usually by a stateful packet inspection filter (ie. Netfilter for linux, ipfilter for bsd). C and D to make any sense for this question, their bogus, and B, “You cannot spoof + TCP”, well you can spoof + TCP, so we strike that out.
Q339. Windows LAN Manager (LM) hashes are known to be weak. Which of the following are known weaknesses of LM? (Choose three)
A. Converts passwords to uppercase.
B. Hashes are sent in clear text over the network.
C. Makes use of only 32 bit encryption.
D. Effective length is 7 characters.
Answer: ABD
Explanation: The LM hash is computed as follows.1. The user’s password as an OEM string is converted to uppercase. 2. This password is either null-padded or truncated to 14 bytes. 3. The “fixed-length” password is split into two 7-byte halves. 4. These values are used to create two DES keys, one from each 7-byte half. 5. Each of these keys is used to DES-encrypt the constant ASCII string “KGS!@#$%”, resulting in two 8-byte ciphertext values. 6. These two ciphertext values are concatenated to form a 16-byte value, which is the LM hash. The hashes them self are sent in clear text over the network instead of sending the password in clear text.
Q340. Which Steganography technique uses Whitespace to hide secret messages?
A. snow
B. beetle
C. magnet
D. cat
Answer: A