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2021 Nov ccie 400 101:
Q381. Which two events occur when a packet is decapsulated in a GRE tunnel? (Choose two.)
A. The destination IPv4 address in the IPv4 payload is used to forward the packet.
B. The TTL of the payload packet is decremented.
C. The source IPv4 address in the IPv4 payload is used to forward the packet.
D. The TTL of the payload packet is incremented.
E. The version field in the GRE header is incremented.
F. The GRE keepalive mechanism is reset.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
After the GRE encapsulated packet reaches the remote tunnel endpoint router, the GRE packet is decapsulated. The destination address lookup of the outer IP header (this is the same as the tunnel destination address) will find a local address (receive) entry on the ingress line card. The first step in GRE decapsulation is to qualify the tunnel endpoint, before admitting the GRE packet into the router, based on the combination of tunnel source (the same as source IP address of outer IP header) and tunnel destination (the same as destination IP address of outer IP header). If the received packet fails tunnel admittance qualification check, the packet is dropped by the decapsulation router. On successful tunnel admittance check, the decapsulation strips the outer IP and GRE header off the packet, then starts processing the inner payload packet as a regular packet. When a tunnel endpoint decapsulates a GRE packet, which has an IPv4/IPv6 packet as the payload, the destination address in the IPv4/IPv6 payload packet header is used to forward the packet, and the TTL of the payload packet is decremented.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/asr9000/software/asr9k_r5-3/addr-serv/configuration/guide/b-ipaddr-cg53asr9k/b-ipaddr-cg53asr9k_chapter_01001.html
Q382. Refer to the exhibit.
This is the configuration of the ASBR of area 110.Which option explains why the remote ABR should not translate the type 7 LSA for the prefix 192.168.0.0/16 into a type 5 LSA?
A. The remote ABR translates all type 7 LSA into type 5 LSA, regardless of any option configured in the ASBR.
B. The ASBR sets the forwarding address to 0.0.0.0 which instructs the ABR not to translate the LSA into a type 5 LSA.
C. The ASBR originates a type 7 LSA with age equal to MAXAGE 3600.
D. The ABR clears the P bit in the header of the type 7 LSA for 192.168.0.0/16.
Answer: D
Explanation:
When external routing information is imported into an NSSA, LSA Type 7 is generated by the ASBR and it is flooded within that area only. To further distribute the external information, type 7 LSA is translated into type 5 LSA at the NSSA border. The P-bit in LSA Type 7 field indicates whether the type 7 LSA should be translated. This P-bit is automatically set by the NSSA ABR (also the Forwarding Address (FA) is copied from Type 7 LSA). The P-bit is not set only when the NSSA ASBR and NSSA ABR are the same router for the area. If bit P = 0, then the NSSA ABR must not translate this LSA into Type 5.
The nssa-only keyword instructs the device to instigate Type-7 LSA with cleared P-bit, thereby, preventing LSA translation to Type 5 on NSSA ABR device.
Note. If a router is attached to another AS and is also an NSSA ABR, it may originate a both a type-5 and a type-7 LSA for the same network. The type-5 LSA will be flooded to the backbone and the type-7 will be flooded into the NSSA. If this is the case, the P-bit must be reset (P=0) in the type-7 LSA so the type-7 LSA isn’t again translated into a type-5 LSA by another NSSA ABR.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_ospf/configuration/15-e/iro-15-e-book/iro-ospfv3-nssa-cfg.html
Q383. DRAG DROP
Drag and drop the SNMP element on the left to the corresponding definition on the right.
Answer:
Q384. Which two best practices does Cisco recommend to migrate a network from PVST+ to MST? (Choose two.)
A. Start the migration at the edge nodes and work toward the root bridge.
B. Before starting the transition, configure one of the edge nodes with a lower priority so that it becomes the root bridge after the transition.
C. Before starting the transition, ensure that at least two nodes act as the root bridge for all VLANs in the network.
D. Start the migration at the root bridge and work toward the edge nodes.
E. Before starting the transition, configure one of the edge nodes with a higher priority so that it becomes the root bridge after the transition.
F. Before starting the transition, ensure that one node is the root bridge for all VLANs in the network.
Answer: A,F
Q385. DRAG DROP
Drag and drop the IS-IS component on the left to the function that it performs on the right.
Answer:
Renovate 400-101 ccie routing and switching written exam fee:
Q386. Which three statements about EVCs are true? (Choose three.)
A. Spanning Tree must use MST mode on EVC ports.
B. PAGP is supported on EVC ports.
C. Spanning Tree must use RSTP mode on EVC ports.
D. LACP is supported on EVC ports.
E. Layer 2 multicast framing is supported.
F. Bridge domain routing is required.
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
EVC support requires the following:
–The spanning tree mode must be MST.
–The dot1ad global configuration mode command must be configured.
These Layer 2 port-based features can run with EVC configured on a port:
–PAGP
–LACP
–UDLD
–LLDP
–CDP
–MSTP
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst6500/ios/12-2SY/configuration/guide/sy_swcg/ethernet_virtual_connection.html
Q387. What is the function of an EIGRP sequence TLV packet?
A. to acknowledge a set of sequence numbers during the startup update process
B. to list the peers that should listen to the next multicast packet during the reliable multicast process
C. to list the peers that should not listen to the next multicast packet during the reliable multicast process
D. to define the initial sequence number when bringing up a new peer
Answer: C
Explanation:
EIGRP sends updates and other information between routers using multicast packets to 224.0.0.10. For example in the topology below, R1 made a change in the topology and it needs to send updates to R2 & R3. It sends multicast packets to EIGRP multicast address 224.0.0.10. Both R2 & R3 can receive the updates and acknowledge back to R1 using unicast. Simple, right? But what if R1 sends out updates, only R2 replies but R3 never does? In the case a router sends out a multicast packet that must be reliable delivered (like in this case), an EIGRP process will wait until the RTO (retransmission timeout) period has passed before beginning a recovery action. This period is calculated from the SRTT (smooth round-trip time). After R1 sends out updates it will wait for this period to expire. Then it makes a list of all the neighbors from which it did not receive an Acknowledgement (ACK). Next it sends out a packet telling these routers stop listening to multicast until they are been notified that it is safe again. Finally the router will begin sending unicast packets with the information to the routers that didn’t answer, continuing until they are caught up. In our example the process will be like this:
1. R1 sends out updates to 224.0.0.10
2. R2 responds but R3 does not
3. R1 waits for the RTO period to expire
4. R1 then sends out an unreliable-multicast packet, called a sequence TLV (Type-Length-Value) packet, which tells R3 not to listen to multicast packets any more
5. R1 continues sending any other muticast traffic it has and delivering all traffic, using unicast to R3, until it acknowledges all the packets
6. Once R3 has caught up, R1 will send another sequence TLV, telling R3 to begin listening to multicast again. The sequence TLV packet contains a list of the nodes that should not listen to multicast packets while the recovery takes place. But notice that the TLV packet in step 6 does not contain any nodes in the list.
Note. In the case R3 still does not reply in step 4, R1 will attempt to retransmit the unicast 16 times or continue to retransmit until the hold time for the neighbor in question expires. After this time, R1 will declare a retransmission limit exceeded error and will reset the neighbor.
(Reference: EIGRP for IP: Basic Operation and Configuration)
Q388. Refer to the exhibit.
What will be the IP MTU of tunnel 0?
A. 1500
B. 1524
C. 1476
D. 1452
E. 1548
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the case of the GRE tunnel interface, the IP maximum transmission unit (MTU) is 24 bytes less than the IP MTU of the real outgoing interface. For an Ethernet outgoing interface that means the IP MTU on the tunnel interface would be 1500 minus 24, or 1476 bytes.
Reference: A spoke site that is connected to Router-A cannot reach a spoke site that is connected to Router-B, but both spoke sites can reach the hub. What is the likely cause of this issue http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/generic-routing-encapsulation-gre/13725-56.html
Q389. Refer to the exhibit.
Which two routes are included in the route update? (Choose two.)
A. 10.3.0.0
B. 10.3.2.0
C. 10.3.4.0
D. 10.3.6.0
E. 10.3.3.0
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
This access list will permit the 10.3.4.0, 10.3.5.0, 10.3.6.0, and 10.3.7.0 subnets.
Q390. Refer to the exhibit.
While reviewing a log file on a router with this NTP configuration, you note that the log entries of the router display a different time than the NTP time.
Which action can you take to correct the problem?
A. Add the localtime keyword to the service timestamps log datetime statement.
B. Add the msec keyword to the service timestamps log datetime statement.
C. Add the statement ntp broadcast to the NTP configuration of the neighboring router.
D. Configure the router to be the NTP master.
E. Remove the datetime keyword from the service timestamps log datetime statement.
Answer: A