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Q251. Refer to the exhibit.
R3 prefers the path through R1 to reach host 10.1.1.1.
Which option describes the reason for this behavior?
A. The OSPF reference bandwidth is too small to account for the higher speed links through R2.
B. The default OSPF cost through R1 is less than the cost through R2.
C. The default OSPF cost through R1 is more than the cost through R2.
D. The link between R2 and R1 is congested.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The default formula to calculate OSPF bandwidth is BW = Bandwidth Reference / interface
bandwidth [bps] = 10^8 / / interface bandwidth [bps]
BW of the R1-R3 link = 10^8 / 100Mbps = 10^8 / 10^8 = 1
BW of the R2-R3 link = 10^8 / 1Gbps = 10^8 / 10^9 = 1 (round up)
Therefore OSPF considers the two above links have the same Bandwidth -> R3 will go to 10.1.1.1 via the R1-R3 link. The solution here is to increase the Bandwidth Reference to a higher value using the “auto-cost reference-bandwidth” command under OSPF router mode. For example: Router(config)#router ospf 1 Router(config-router)#auto-cost reference-bandwidth 10000 This will increase the reference bandwidth to 10000 Mbps which increases the BW of the R2-R3 link to 10^10 / 10^8 = 100.
Q252. What does a nonzero forwarding address indicate in a type-5 LSA?
A. It indicates that this link-state ID is eligible for ECMP.
B. It indicates that this router should have an OSPF neighbor relationship with the forwarding address before using this link-state ID.
C. It indicates that the receiving router must check that the next hop is reachable in its routing table before using this link-state ID.
D. It indicates that traffic can be directly routed to this next hop in shared segment scenarios where the external route source is directly connected.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The value of the forwarding address specified by the autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) can be either 0.0.0.0 or non-zero. The 0.0.0.0 address indicates that the originating router (the ASBR) is the next hop. The forwarding address is determined by these conditions:
. The forwarding address is set to 0.0.0.0 if the ASBR redistributes routes and OSPF is not enabled on the next hop interface for those routes.
. These conditions set the forwarding address field to a non-zero address: ASBR's next hop interface address falls under the network range specified in the router ospf command.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/open-shortest-path-first-ospf/13682-10.html
Q253. Which two statements about UDP and latency are true? (Choose two.)
A. UDP is connection oriented, so the size of a UDP stream is independent of latency.
B. UDP is connection oriented, so latency can increase the size of a UDP stream.
C. UDP is connectionless, so latency can increase the size of a UDP stream.
D. If latency decreases, throughput also decreases.
E. If latency increases, throughput also increases.
F. Latency can cause jitter on UDP connections.
Answer: C,F
Q254. Which two features does the show ipv6 snooping features command show information about? (Choose two.)
A. RA guard
B. DHCP guard
C. ND inspection
D. source guard
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
The show ipv6 snooping features command displays the first-hop features that are configured on the router. Examples
The following example shows that both IPv6 NDP inspection and IPv6 RA guard are configured on the router:
Router# show ipv6 snooping features
Feature name priority state
RA guard 100 READY
NDP inspection 20 READY
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/ipv6/command/ipv6-cr-book/ipv6-s5.html
Q255. In an STP domain, which two statements are true for a nonroot switch, when it receives a configuration BPDU from the root bridge with the TC bit set? (Choose two.)
A. It sets the MAC table aging time to max_age + forward_delay time.
B. It sets the MAC table aging time to forward_delay time.
C. It recalculates the STP topology upon receiving topology change notification from the root switch.
D. It receives the topology change BPDU on both forwarding and blocking ports.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
When the TC bit is received, every bridge is then notified and reduces the aging time to forward_delay (15 seconds by default) for a certain period of time (max_age + forward_delay). It is more beneficial to reduce the aging time instead of clearing the table because currently active hosts, that effectively transmit traffic, are not cleared from the table. Once the root is aware that there has been a topology change event in the network, it starts to send out its configuration BPDUs with the topology change (TC) bit set. These BPDUs are relayed by every bridge in the network with this bit set. As a result all bridges become aware of the topology change situation and it can reduce its aging time to forward_delay. Bridges receive topology change BPDUs on both forwarding and blocking ports. An important point to consider here is that a TCN does not start a STP recalculation. This fear comes from the fact that TCNs are often associated with unstable STP environments; TCNs are a consequence of this, not a cause. The TCN only has an impact on the aging time. It does not change the topology nor create a loop.
Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree-protocol/12013-17.html#topic1
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Q256. Refer to the exhibit.
All of the routers on this network are running RIP. If you edit the R3 RIP process configuration to reduce the number of hops from R3 to R1, which statement about the configuration change is true?
A. Configuring no passive-interface for GigabitEthernet0/0 in the R3 RIP process reduces the number of hops to R1 by 2.
B. Configuring no passive-interface for GigabitEthernet0/0 in the R3 RIP process reduces the number of hops to R1 by 1.
C. Configuring no passive-interface for GigabitEthernet0/1 in the R3 RIP process reduces the number of hops to R1 by 3.
D. Configuring no passive-interface for GigabitEthernet0/1 in the R3 RIP process reduces the number of hops to R1 by 1.
Answer: A
Explanation:
By changing the link from R3 to R2 to not be passive, traffic can then take the direct route from R3-R2-R1 instead of the longer path of R3-R6-R5-R4-R1, resulting in two less hops.
Q257. Packets from a router with policy-based routing configured are failing to reach the next hop.
Which two additions can you make to the router configuration to enable the packets to flow correctly? (Choose two.)
A. Enable ip proxy-arp on the exiting interface.
B. Specify the next hop as an address.
C. Specify the next hop as an interface.
D. Add a match-any permit statement to the route map.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Here is an example:
Router(config)#route-map Engineers permit 20
Router(config-route-map)#match ip address 2
Router(config-route-map)#set interface Ethernet1
Here, instead of specifying a next-hop, it specifies that any packets matching this rule will be forwarded directly out the interface Ethernet1. This means that either the destination device must be on this segment, or there must be a router configured with Proxy ARP that can forward the packet to the ultimate destination.
Q258. DRAG DROP
Drag and drop each GET VPN feature on the left to the corresponding function it performs on the right.
Answer:
Q259. Which statement is true about IGMP?
A. Multicast sources send IGMP messages to their first-hop router, which then generates a PIM join message that is then sent to the RP.
B. Multicast receivers send IGMP messages to their first-hop router, which then forwards the IGMP messages to the RP.
C. IGMP messages are encapsulated in PIM register messages and sent to the RP.
D. Multicast receivers send IGMP messages to signal their interest to receive traffic for specific multicast groups.
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the example shown above, the receivers (the designated multicast group) are interested in receiving the video data stream from the source. The receivers indicate their interest by sending an Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) host report to the routers in the network. The routers are then responsible for delivering the data from the source to the receivers.
Reference:
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/solutions_docs/ip_multicast/White_papers/mcst_o vr.html
Q260. Refer to the exhibit.
Which two statements about the VPN solution are true? (Choose two.)
A. Customer A and customer B will exchange routes with each other.
B. R3 will advertise routes received from R1 to R2.
C. Customer C will communicate with customer A and B.
D. Communication between sites in VPN1 and VPN2 will be blocked.
E. R1 and R2 will receive VPN routes advertised by R3.
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
+ VPN1 exports 10:1 while VPN3 imports 10:1 so VPN3 can learn routes of VPN1.
+ VNP1 imports 10:1 while VNP3 export 10:1 so VNP1 can learn routes of VPN3.
-> Customer A can communicate with Customer C
+ VPN2 exports 20:1 while VPN3 imports 20:1 so VPN3 can learn routes of VPN2.
+ VPN2 imports 20:1 while VPN3 exports 20:1 so VPN2 can learn routes of VPN3.
-> Customer B can communicate with Customer C
Therefore answer C is correct.
Also answer E is correct because R1 & R2 import R3 routes.
Answer A is not correct because Customer A & Customer B do not import routes which are exported by other router. Customer A & B can only see Customer C.
Answer B is not correct because a router never exports what it has learned through importation. It only exports its own routes.
Answer D is correct because two VPN1 and VPN2 cannot see each other. Maybe in this question there are three correct answers.