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2021 Mar SY0-401 exam question
Q131. Which of the following is a common coding error in which boundary checking is not performed?
A. Input validation
B. Fuzzing
C. Secure coding
D. Cross-site scripting
Answer: A
Explanation:
Input validation is a defensive technique intended to mitigate against possible user input attacks, such as buffer overflows and fuzzing. Input validation checks every user input submitted to the application before processing that input. The check could be a length, a character type, a language type, or a domain.
Q132. Jane, an individual, has recently been calling various financial offices pretending to be another person to gain financial information. Which of the following attacks is being described?
A. Phishing
B. Tailgating
C. Pharming
D. Vishing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Vishing (voice or VoIP phishing) is an electronic fraud tactic in which individuals are tricked into revealing critical financial or personal information to unauthorized entities. Vishing works like phishing but does not always occur over the Internet and is carried out using voice technology. A vishing attack can be conducted by voice email, VoIP (voice over IP), or landline or cellular telephone. The potential victim receives a message, often generated by speech synthesis, indicating that suspicious activity has taken place in a credit card account, bank account, mortgage account or other financial service in their name. The victim is told to call a specific telephone number and provide information to "verify identity" or to "ensure that fraud does not occur." If the attack is carried out by telephone, caller ID spoofing can cause the victim's set to indicate a legitimate source, such as a bank or a government agency.
Vishing is difficult for authorities to trace, particularly when conducted using VoIP. Furthermore, like many legitimate customer services, vishing scams are often outsourced to other countries, which may render sovereign law enforcement powerless.
Consumers can protect themselves by suspecting any unsolicited message that suggests they are targets of illegal activity, no matter what the medium or apparent source. Rather than calling a number given in any unsolicited message, a consumer should directly call the institution named, using a number that is known to be valid, to verify all recent activity and to ensure that the account information has not been tampered with.
Q133. Which of the following protocols is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks by NOT using end to end TLS encryption?
A. HTTPS
B. WEP
C. WPA
D. WPA 2
Answer: B
Explanation:
WEP offers no end-to-end TLS encryption.
The WEP process consists of a series of steps as follows:
The wireless client sends an authentication request.
The Access Point (AP) sends an authentication response containing clear-text (uh-oh!) challenge
text.
The client takes the challenge text received and encrypts it using a static WEP key.
The client sends the encrypted authentication packet to the AP.
The AP encrypts the challenge text using its own static WEP key and compares the result to the
authentication packet sent by the client. If the results match, the AP begins the association
process for the wireless client.
The big issue with WEP is the fact that it is very susceptible to a Man in the Middle attack. The
attacker captures the clear-text challenge and then the authentication packet reply. The attacker
then reverses the RC4 encryption in order to derive the static WEP key. Yikes!
As you might guess, the designers attempted to strengthen WEP using the approach of key
lengths. The native Windows client supported a 104-bit key as opposed to the initial 40-bit key.
The fundamental weaknesses in the WEP process still remained however.
Q134. During which of the following phases of the Incident Response process should a security administrator define and implement general defense against malware?
A. Lessons Learned
B. Preparation
C. Eradication
D. Identification
Answer: B
Explanation:
Incident response procedures involves: Preparation; Incident identification; Escalation and notification; Mitigation steps; Lessons learned; Reporting; Recover/reconstitution procedures; First responder; Incident isolation (Quarantine; Device removal); Data breach; Damage and loss control. It is important to stop malware before it ever gets hold of a system –thus you should know which malware is out there and take defensive measures - this means preparation to guard against malware infection should be done.
Q135. Ann, an employee, is cleaning out her desk and disposes of paperwork containing confidential customer information in a recycle bin without shredding it first. This is MOST likely to increase the risk of loss from which of the following attacks?
A. Shoulder surfing
B. Dumpster diving
C. Tailgating
D. Spoofing
Answer: B
Explanation:
Dumpster diving is looking for treasure in someone else's trash. (A dumpster is a large trash container.) In the world of information technology, dumpster diving is a technique used to retrieve information that could be used to carry out an attack on a computer network. Dumpster diving isn't limited to searching through the trash for obvious treasures like access codes or passwords written down on sticky notes. Seemingly innocent information like a phone list, calendar, or organizational chart can be used to assist an attacker using social engineering techniques to gain access to the network. To prevent dumpster divers from learning anything valuable from your trash, experts recommend that your company establish a disposal policy where all paper, including print-outs, is shredded in a cross-cut shredder before being recycled, all storage media is erased, and all staff is educated about the danger of untracked trash.
Refresh SY0-401 exam question:
Q136. In order to prevent and detect fraud, which of the following should be implemented?
A. Job rotation
B. Risk analysis
C. Incident management
D. Employee evaluations
Answer: A
Explanation:
A job rotation policy defines intervals at which employees must rotate through positions. Similar in purpose to mandatory vacations, it helps to ensure that the company does not become too dependent on one person and it does afford the company with the opportunity to place another person in that same job and in this way the company can potentially uncover any fraud perhaps committed by the incumbent.
Q137. Digital Signatures provide which of the following?
A. Confidentiality
B. Authorization
C. Integrity
D. Authentication
E. Availability
Answer: C
Explanation:
A digital signature is similar in function to a standard signature on a document. It validates the integrity of the message and the sender.
Q138. A forensic analyst is reviewing electronic evidence after a robbery. Security cameras installed at the site were facing the wrong direction to capture the incident. The analyst ensures the cameras are turned to face the proper direction. Which of the following types of controls is being used?
A. Detective
B. Deterrent
C. Corrective
D. Preventive
Answer: C
Explanation:
A corrective control would be any corrective action taken to correct any existing control that were faulty or wrongly installed – as in this case the cameras were already there, it just had to be adjusted to perform its function as intended.
Q139. An administrator needs to submit a new CSR to a CA. Which of the following is a valid FIRST step?
A. Generate a new private key based on AES.
B. Generate a new public key based on RSA.
C. Generate a new public key based on AES.
D. Generate a new private key based on RSA.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Before creating a CSR, the applicant first generates a key pair, keeping the private key secret. The private key is needed to produce, but it is not part of, the CSR. The private key is an RSA key. The private encryption key that will be used to protect sensitive information. Note: A CSR or Certificate Signing request is a block of encrypted text that is generated on the server that the certificate will be used on. It contains information that will be included in your certificate such as your organization name, common name (domain name), locality, and country. It also contains the public key that will be included in your certificate. A private key is usually created at the same time that you create the CSR.
Q140. Privilege creep among long-term employees can be mitigated by which of the following procedures?
A. User permission reviews
B. Mandatory vacations
C. Separation of duties
D. Job function rotation
Answer: A
Explanation:
Privilege creep is the steady build-up of access rights beyond what a user requires to perform his/her task. Privilege creep can be decreased by conducting sporadic access rights reviews, which will confirm each user's need to access specific roles and rights in an effort to find and rescind excess privileges.