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Q1. While testing web applications, you attempt to insert the following test script into the search area on the company's web site:
<script>alert('Testing Testing Testing')</script>
Afterwards, when you press the search button, a pop up box appears on your screen with the text "Testing Testing Testing". What vulnerability is detected in the web application here?
A. A hybrid attack
B. A buffer overflow
C. Password attacks
D. Cross Site Scripting
Answer: D
Explanation: Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications which allow code injection by malicious web users into the web pages viewed by other users. Examples of such code include HTML code and client-side scripts. An exploited cross-site scripting vulnerability can be used by attackers to bypass access controls such as the same origin policy.
Q2. What is the term 8 to describe an attack that falsifies a broadcast ICMP echo request and includes a primary and secondary victim?
A. Fraggle Attack
B. Man in the Middle Attack
C. Trojan Horse Attack
D. Smurf Attack
E. Back Orifice Attack
Answer: D
Explanation: Trojan and Back orifice are Trojan horse attacks. Man in the middle spoofs the Ip and redirects the victems packets to the cracker The infamous Smurf attack. preys on ICMP's capability to send traffic to the broadcast address. Many hosts can listen and respond to a single ICMP echo request sent to a broadcast address.
Network Intrusion Detection third Edition by Stephen Northcutt and Judy Novak pg 70 The "smurf" attack's cousin is called "fraggle", which uses UDP echo packets in the same fashion as the ICMP echo packets; it was a simple re-write of "smurf".
Q3. While performing a ping sweep of a subnet you receive an ICMP reply of Code 3/Type 13 for all the pings sent out.
What is the most likely cause behind this response?
A. The firewall is dropping the packets.
B. An in-line IDS is dropping the packets.
C. A router is blocking ICMP.
D. The host does not respond to ICMP packets.
Answer: C
Explanation: Type 3 message = Destination Unreachable [RFC792], Code 13 (cause) =
Communication Administratively Prohibited [RFC1812]
Q4. In Linux, the three most common commands that hackers usually attempt to Trojan are:
A. car, xterm, grep
B. netstat, ps, top
C. vmware, sed, less
D. xterm, ps, nc
Answer: B
Explanation: The easiest programs to trojan and the smartest ones to trojan are ones commonly run by administrators and users, in this case netstat, ps, and top, for a complete list of commonly trojaned and rootkited software please reference this URL: http://www.usenix.org/publications/login/1999-9/features/rootkits.html
Q5. ViruXine.W32 virus hides their presence by changing the underlying executable code. This Virus code mutates while keeping the original algorithm intact, the code changes itself each time it runs, but the function of the code (its semantics) will not change at all.
Here is a section of the Virus code:
What is this technique called?
A. Polymorphic Virus
B. Metamorphic Virus
C. Dravidic Virus
D. Stealth Virus
Answer: A
Q6. In order to attack a wireless network, you put up an access point and override the signal of the real access point. As users send authentication data, you are able to capture it. What kind of attack is this?
A. Rouge access point attack
B. Unauthorized access point attack
C. War Chalking
D. WEP attack
Answer: A
Explanation: The definition of a Rogue access point is:1. A wireless access point (AP) installed by an employee without the consent of the IT department. Without the proper security configuration, users have exposed their company's network to the outside world.2. An access point (AP) set up by an attacker outside a facility with a wireless network. Also called an "evil twin," the rogue AP picks up beacons (signals that advertise its presence) from the company's legitimate AP and transmits identical beacons, which some client machines inside the building associate with.
Q7. Eve decides to get her hands dirty and tries out a Denial of Service attack that is relatively new to her. This time she envisages using a different kind of method to attack Brownies Inc. Eve tries to forge the packets and uses the broadcast address. She launches an attack similar to that of fraggle. What is the technique that Eve used in the case above?
A. Smurf
B. Bubonic
C. SYN Flood
D. Ping of Death
Answer: A
Explanation: A fraggle attack is a variation of the smurf attack for denial of service in which the attacker sends spoofed UDP packets instead of ICMP echo reply (ping) packets to the broadcast address of a large network.
Q8. Lori is a Certified Ethical Hacker as well as a Certified Hacking Forensics Investigator working as an IT security consultant. Lori has been hired on by Kiley Innovators, a large marketing firm that recently underwent a string of thefts and corporate espionage incidents. Lori is told that a rival marketing company came out with an exact duplicate product right before Kiley Innovators was about to release it. The executive team believes that an employee is leaking information to the rival company. Lori questions all employees, reviews server logs, and firewall logs; after which she finds nothing. Lori is then given permission to search through the corporate email system. She searches by email being sent to and sent from the rival marketing company.
She finds one employee that appears to be sending very large email to this other marketing company, even though they should have no reason to be communicating with them. Lori tracks down the actual emails sent and upon opening them, only finds picture files attached to them. These files seem perfectly harmless, usually containing some kind of joke. Lori decides to use some special software to further examine the pictures and finds that each one had hidden text that was stored in each picture.
What technique was used by the Kiley Innovators employee to send information to the rival marketing company?
A. The Kiley Innovators employee used cryptography to hide the information in the emails sent
B. The method used by the employee to hide the information was logical watermarking
C. The employee used steganography to hide information in the picture attachments
D. By using the pictures to hide information, the employee utilized picture fuzzing
Answer: C
Q9. Which tool/utility can help you extract the application layer data from each TCP connection from a log file into separate files?
A. Snort
B. argus
C. TCPflow
D. Tcpdump
Answer: C
Explanation: Tcpflow is a program that captures data transmitted as part of TCP connections (flows), and stores the data in a way that is convenient for protocol analysis or debugging. A program like 'tcpdump' shows a summary of packets seen on the wire, but usually doesn't store the data that's actually being transmitted. In contrast, tcpflow reconstructs the actual data streams and stores each flow in a separate file for later analysis.
Q10. Which one of the following instigates a SYN flood attack?
A. Generating excessive broadcast packets.
B. Creating a high number of half-open connections.
C. Inserting repetitive Internet Relay Chat (IRC) messages.
D. A large number of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) traces.
Answer: B
Explanation: A SYN attack occurs when an attacker exploits the use of the buffer space during a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) session initialization handshake. The attacker floods the target system's small "in-process" queue with connection requests, but it does not respond when a target system replies to those requests. This causes the target system to time out while waiting for the proper response, which makes the system crash or become unusable.