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Q31. While investigating a claim of a user downloading illegal material, the investigator goes through the files on the suspect’s workstation. He comes across a file that is called ‘file.txt’ but when he opens it, he find the following:
What does this file contain?
A. A picture that has been renamed with a .txt extension.
B. An encrypted file.
C. A uuencoded file.
D. A buffer overflow.
Answer: D
Explanation: This is a buffer overflow exploit with its “payload” in hexadecimal format.
Q32. Which type of sniffing technique is generally referred as MiTM attack?
A. Password Sniffing
B. ARP Poisoning
C. Mac Flooding
D. DHCP Sniffing
Answer: C
Q33. When a normal TCP connection starts, a destination host receives a SYN (synchronize/start) packet from a source host and sends back a SYN/ACK (synchronize acknowledge). The destination host must then hear an ACK (acknowledge) of the SYN/ACK before the connection is established. This is referred to as the "TCP three-way handshake." While waiting for the ACK to the SYN ACK, a connection queue of finite size on the destination host keeps track of connections waiting to be completed. This queue typically empties quickly since the ACK is expected to arrive a few milliseconds after the SYN ACK. How would an attacker exploit this design by launching TCP SYN attack?
A. Attacker generates TCP SYN packets with random destination addresses towards a victim host
B. Attacker floods TCP SYN packets with random source addresses towards a victim host
C. Attacker generates TCP ACK packets with random source addresses towards a victim host
D. Attacker generates TCP RST packets with random source addresses towards a victim host
Answer: B
Q34. Which of the following built-in C/C++ functions you should avoid to prevent your program from buffer overflow attacks?
A. strcpy()
B. strcat()
C. streadd()
D. strscock()
Answer: ABC
Explanation: When hunting buffer overflows, the first thing to look for is functions which write into arrays without any way to know the amount of space available. If you get to define the function, you can pass a length parameter in, or ensure that every array you ever pass to it is at least as big as the hard-coded maximum amount it will write. If you're using a function someone else (like, say, the compiler vendor) has provided then avoiding functions like gets(), which take some amount of data over which you have no control and stuff it into arrays they can never know the size of, is a good start. Make sure that functions like the str...() family which expect NUL-terminated strings actually get them - store a ' ' in the last element of each array involved just before you call the function, if necessary. Strscock() is not a valid C/C++ function.
Q35. StackGuard (as used by Immunix), ssp/ProPolice (as used by OpenBSD), and Microsoft's /GS option use _____ defense against buffer overflow attacks.
A. Canary
B. Hex editing
C. Format checking
D. Non-executing stack
Answer: A
Explanation: Canaries or canary words are known values that are placed between a buffer and control data on the stack to monitor buffer overflows. When the buffer overflows, it will clobber the canary, making the overflow evident. This is a reference to the historic practice of using canaries in coal mines, since they would be affected by toxic gases earlier than the miners, thus providing a biological warning system.
Q36. What does FIN in TCP flag define?
A. Used to close a TCP connection
B. Used to abort a TCP connection abruptly
C. Used to indicate the beginning of a TCP connection
D. Used to acknowledge receipt of a previous packet or transmission
Answer: A
Explanation: The FIN flag stands for the word FINished. This flag is used to tear down the virtual connections created using the previous flag (SYN), so because of this reason, the FIN flag always appears when the last packets are exchanged between a connection.
Q37. Ron has configured his network to provide strong perimeter security. As part of his network architecture, he has included a host that is fully exposed to attack. The system is on the public side of the demilitarized zone, unprotected by a firewall or filtering router. What would you call such a host?
A. Honeypot
B. DMZ host
C. DWZ host
D. Bastion Host
Answer: D
Explanation: A bastion host is a gateway between an inside network and an outside network. Used as a security measure, the bastion host is designed to defend against attacks aimed at the inside network. Depending on a network's complexity and configuration, a single bastion host may stand guard by itself, or be part of a larger security system with different layers of protection.
Q38. What is the problem with this ASP script (login.asp)?
<%
Set objConn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
objConn.Open Application("WebUsersConnection")
sSQL="SELECT * FROM Users where Username=? & Request("user") & _
"?and Password=? & Request("pwd") & "?
Set RS = objConn.Execute(sSQL)
If RS.EOF then Response.Redirect("login.asp?msg=Invalid Login") Else Session.Authorized = True
Set RS = nothing
Set objConn = nothing Response.Redirect("mainpage.asp") End If %>
A. The ASP script is vulnerable to XSS attack
B. The ASP script is vulnerable to SQL Injection attack
C. The ASP script is vulnerable to Session Splice attack
D. The ASP script is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting attack
Answer: B
Q39. Symmetric encryption algorithms are known to be fast but present great challenges on the key management side. Asymmetric encryption algorithms are slow but allow communication with a remote host without having to transfer a key out of band or in person. If we combine the strength of both crypto systems where we use the symmetric algorithm to encrypt the bulk of the data and then use the asymmetric encryption system to encrypt the symmetric key, what would this type of usage be known as?
A. Symmetric system
B. Combined system
C. Hybrid system
D. Asymmetric system
Answer: C
Explanation: Because of the complexity of the underlying problems, most public-key algorithms involve operations such as modular multiplication and exponentiation, which are much more computationally expensive than the techniques used in most block ciphers, especially with typical key sizes. As a result, public-key cryptosystems are commonly "hybrid" systems, in which a fast symmetric-key encryption algorithm is used for the message itself, while the relevant symmetric key is sent with the message, but encrypted using a public-key algorithm. Similarly, hybrid signature schemes are often used, in which a cryptographic hash function is computed, and only the resulting hash is digitally signed.
Q40. Angela is trying to access an education website that requires a username and password to login. When Angela clicks on the link to access the login page, she gets an error message stating that the page can’t be reached. She contacts the website’s support team and they report that no one else is having any issues with the site. After handing the issue over to her company’s IT department, it is found that the education website requires any computer accessing the site must be able to respond to a ping from the education’s server. Since Angela’s computer is behind a corporate firewall, her computer can’t ping the education website back.
What ca Angela’s IT department do to get access to the education website?
A. Change the IP on Angela’s Computer to an address outside the firewall
B. Change the settings on the firewall to allow all incoming traffic on port 80
C. Change the settings on the firewall all outbound traffic on port 80
D. Use a Internet browser other than the one that Angela is currently using
Answer: A
Explanation: Allowing traffic to and from port 80 will not help as this will be UDP or TCP traffic and ping uses ICMP. The browser used by the user will not make any difference. The only alternative here that would solve the problem is to move the computer to outside the firewall.