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Q141. CORRECT TEXT
One New Kernel is released named kernel-.2.6.19-11. Kernel is available on ftp://server1.example.com/pub/updates directory for anonymous. Install the Kernel and make the kernel-2.6.18-8 default.
Answer and Explanation:
1. rpm -ivh ftp://server1.example.com/pub/updates/kernel-2.6.19-11.i686.rpm
2. vi /etc/grub.conf
default=1 à Change this value to 1
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.6.19-11)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.19-11.EL ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.19-11.EL.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (2.6.9-5.EL)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-5.EL ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.9-5.EL.img
According question that kernel is available to anonymous user. You can directly install from the ftp server using rpm command.
When you install the kernel, it will write on /etc/grub.conf file. You can set the default kernel by changing the default value. See on the output of /etc/grub.conf file that new kernel is on first title so it's index is 0 and previous kernel's index is 1.
Q142. CORRECT TEXT
Change the Group Owner of /data to training group.
Answer and Explanation:
chown or chgrp command is used to change the ownership.
Syntax of chown: chown [-R] username:groupname file/directory
Syntax of chgrp: chgrp [-R] groupname file/directory
Whenever user creates the file or directory, the owner of that file/directory automatically will be that user and that user's primary group name.
To change group owner ship
6. chgrp training /data àWhich set the Group Ownership to training
or
chown root.training /data àWhich set the user owner to root and group owner to training group.
Verify /data using: ls -ld /data
You will get: drwxr-xr-x 2 root training ..............
Q143. CORRECT TEXT
There are mixed lots of System running on Linux and Windows OS. Some users are working on Windows Operating System. There is a /data directory on linux server should make available on windows to only user1 and user2 users with full access. Configure to make available.
Answer and Explanation:
1. vi /etc/samba/smb.conf
[global]
netbios name=station?
workgroup = mygroup
server string=Share from Linux Server
security=user
smb passwd file=/etc/samba/smbpasswd
encrypt passwords=yes
[data]
path=/data
writable=yes
public=no
browsable=yes
valid users=user1 user2
2. smbpasswd -a user1
3. smbpasswd -a user2
4. service smb start | restart
5. chkconfig smb on
Samba servers helps to share the data between linux and windows. Configuration file is /etc/samba/smb.conf. There are some pre-defined section, i. global à use to define the global options, ii. Printers à use to share the printers, iii. homes à use the share the user's home directory.
Security=user à validation by samba username and password. May be there are other users also.
To allow certain share to certain user we should use valid users option.
smbpasswd à Helps to change user's smb password. -a option specifies that the username following should be added to the local smbpasswd file.
Q144. CORRECT TEXT
Your Machine Name is stationx.example.com, (x is your host IP address) which is already resolved. Set the default page for stationx.example.com by downloading www.html file from ftp.server1.example.com.
Answer and Explanation:ftp ftp.server1.example.comDownload the www.html
Check the SELinux context of index page , should like this:
-rw-r--r-- root root system_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t /var/www/html/index.html
If SELinux Context is mismatched, use the restorecon -R /var command
move the downloaded file into /var/www/htmlRename the file into index.htmlCheck using links
http://stationx.example.com
/var/www/html is the default directory for httpd service. Index.html is the default directory index. To set the default page without configuring virtualhost copy the file as a index.html in /var/www/html.
Q145. CORRECT TEXT
You have a domain in your LAN example.com. Configure to allow login to jack only from station10.example.com.
Answer and Explanation:
1. vi /etc/security/access.conf
-:jack:ALL EXCEPT station10.example.com
2. vi /etc/pam.d/system-auth
account required /lib/security/pam_access.so
/etc/security/access.conf file helps to allow or deny login to users on the basis of origin.
Syntax of /etc/security/access.conf
permission : users : origins
The first field should be a "+" (access granted) or "-" (access denied) character.
The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or ALL (always matches). A pattern of the form user@host is matched when the login name matches the "user" part, and when the "host" part matches the local machine name.
The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "."), ALL (always matches) or LOCAL (matches any string that does not contain a "." character).
The EXCEPT operator makes it possible to write very compact rules
Q146. CORRECT TEXT
Create the directory /archive and group owner should be the sysuser group.
Answer and Explanation:
1. chgrp sysuser /archive
2. Verify using ls -ld /archive command. You should get like
drwxr-x--- 2 root sysadmin 4096 Mar 16 17:59 /archive
chgrp command is used to change the group ownership of particular files or directory.
Another way you can use the chown command.
chown root:sysuser /archive
Q147. CORRECT TEXT
Your System is going use as a router for 172.24.0.0/16 and 172.25.0.0/16. Enable the IP Forwarding.
i. echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
ii. vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
/proc is the virtual filesystem, containing the information about the running kernel. To change the parameter of running kernel in running state you should modify the /proc. From Next boot the system, kernel will take the value from /etc/sysctl.conf. If net.ipv4.ip_forward is 0, it disable the IP forwarding, if 1 then it enable the IP Forwarding.
Q148. CORRECT TEXT
Create the group named training
Answer and Explanation:
1. groupadd training
To create a group we use the groupadd command.
Verify from: cat /etc/group whether group added or not?
Q149. CORRECT TEXT
Configure to allow the ssh service only from 192.168.0.0/24 except 192.168.0.4
Answer and Explanation:
1. vi /etc/hosts.deny
sshd: 192.168.0. EXCEPT 192.168.0.4
We can secure the services using tcp_wrappers. There are main two files, /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny.
There will be three stage access checking
-Is access explicitly permitted? Means permitted from /etc/hosts.allow?
- Otherwise, Is access explicitly denied? Means denied from /etc/hosts.deny?
- Otherwise, by default permit access if neither condition matched.
To deny the services we can configure /etc/hosts.deny file using ALL and EXCEPT operation.
Pattern of /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny file is:
Demon_list:client_list:options
In Client list can be either domain name or IP address.
Q150. CORRECT TEXT
Create the user named eric and deny to interactive login.
Answer and Explanation:
1. useradd eric
2. passwd eric
3. vi /etc/passwd
4. eric:x:505:505::/home/eric:/sbin/nologin
Which shell or program should start at login time is specified in /etc/passwd file. By default Redhat Enterprise Linux assigns the /bin/bash shell to the users. To deny the interactive login, you should write /sbin/nologin or /bin/false instead of login shell.